Docker 실행

[Docker 실행]

 

$ sudo docker run [옵션...] 컨테이너명이나ID 명령어 [명령어의매개변수...]

명령어를 생략하면, 이미지에서 기본으로 실행되도록 지정된 명령어가 실행됨

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$ sudo docker run -d -p 53306:3306 -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true --name mymysql mysql

ㆍ-d: detached 상태(백그라운드)로 실행.

ㆍ-p: 포트 연결. ex) 호스트의 53306 포트를 컨테이너의 3306 포트와 연결

ㆍ-e: 컨테이너에 환경변수 적용.

ㆍ--name: 컨테이너의 이름을 지정. (지정하지 않을 경우 랜덤으로 생성)

1feea090d373769784c44cfc8a9818813cc2b6acddc0337914cc29512bbd9f5a

(응답으로 출력되는건 컨테이너ID)

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$ sudo docker run -it --name myubuntu ubuntu /bin/bash

ㆍ-it: i와 t를 같이 사용. 터미널 입력을 위한 옵션.

root@16321ed168f3:/# ls -al total 0 drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Apr  1 08:41 . drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Apr  1 08:41 .. -rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   0 Apr  1 08:41 .dockerenv lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Mar 25 16:58 bin -> usr/bin drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Apr 15  2020 boot drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Apr  1 08:41 dev drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Apr  1 08:41 etc drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Apr 15  2020 home lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Mar 25 16:58 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Mar 25 16:58 lib32 -> usr/lib32 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Mar 25 16:58 lib64 -> usr/lib64 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root  10 Mar 25 16:58 libx32 -> usr/libx32 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Mar 25 16:58 media drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Mar 25 16:58 mnt drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Mar 25 16:58 opt dr-xr-xr-x. 118 root root   0 Apr  1 08:41 proc drwx------.   2 root root  37 Mar 25 17:08 root drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  21 Mar 25 22:33 run lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Mar 25 16:58 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Mar 25 16:58 srv dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Mar 30 11:32 sys drwxrwxrwt.   2 root root   6 Mar 25 17:08 tmp drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  18 Mar 25 16:58 usr drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  17 Mar 25 17:08 var root@16321ed168f3:/# exit exit

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$ sudo docker run -d --name myubuntu ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true; do echo "still live"; sleep 100; done"

-it에서 exit를 하면 bash쉘이 종료되며,

bash 쉘이 계속 백그라운드에서 실행되어 살아있도록 하고 싶다면 위처럼 할 수도 있고... (추천하지는 않음)

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$ sudo docker run -d -it --name myubuntu ubuntu /bin/bash

4d019c6739448b035e7dffd4d227dd0c9f11d2a5809fc3d6d4313918342516cc

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS          PORTS     NAMES 4d019c673944   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 3 seconds             myubuntu

$ sudo docker attach myubuntu

^PQ root@4d019c673944:/# read escape sequence

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS          PORTS     NAMES 4d019c673944   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 18 seconds             myubuntu

아니면 bash에서 ^PQ로 빠져나오면 백그라운드에 유지시킬 수 있다.

(이걸 다시 접속하려면 아래의 attach. 여기서 다시 종료하려면 exit, 유지하려면 ^PQ)

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옵션	설명
-d	detached mode로 실행.
-p	호스트와 컨테이너간 포트포워딩. -p 호스트포트:컨테이너포트
-v	호스트와 컨테이너간 디렉토리 마운팅. (마운팅은 여기에서 자세히)
-e	컨테이너에 환경변수 적용.
--name	컨테이너 이름 지정. (지정하지 않으면 랜덤)
-rm	컨테이너 종료시 컨테이너 자동 삭제
-it	i와 t를 같이 사용. 터미널 입력을 위한 옵션.
--link	컨테이너 연결

그 외 더 많은 옵션: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/

 

 

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[컨테이너 상세정보 확인]

 

$ sudo docker inspect 컨테이너명

---

[     {         "Id": "1feea090d373769784c44cfc8a9818813cc2b6acddc0337914cc29512bbd9f5a",         "Created": "2021-04-01T08:08:42.852214414Z",         "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",         "Args": [             "mysqld"         ],         "State": {             "Status": "running",             "Running": true,             "Paused": false,             "Restarting": false,             "OOMKilled": false,             "Dead": false,             "Pid": 78151,             "ExitCode": 0,             "Error": "",             "StartedAt": "2021-04-01T08:08:43.483800908Z",             "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"         },         "Image": "sha256:e646c6533b0bcb75743ea9b176a03012610b2df7072dc312bf5921d1fbc5149c",         "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1feea090d373769784c44cfc8a9818813cc2b6acddc0337914cc29512bbd9f5a/resolv.conf",         "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1feea090d373769784c44cfc8a9818813cc2b6acddc0337914cc29512bbd9f5a/hostname",         "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1feea090d373769784c44cfc8a9818813cc2b6acddc0337914cc29512bbd9f5a/hosts",         "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1feea090d373769784c44cfc8a9818813cc2b6acddc0337914cc29512bbd9f5a/1feea090d373769784c44cfc8a9818813cc2b6acddc0337914cc29512bbd9f5a-json.log",         "Name": "/mymysql",         "RestartCount": 0,         "Driver": "overlay2",         "Platform": "linux",         "MountLabel": "",         "ProcessLabel": "",         "AppArmorProfile": "",         "ExecIDs": null,         "HostConfig": {             "Binds": null,             "ContainerIDFile": "",             "LogConfig": {                 "Type": "json-file",                 "Config": {}             },             "NetworkMode": "default",             "PortBindings": {                 "3306/tcp": [                     {                         "HostIp": "",                         "HostPort": "53306"                     }                 ]             },             "RestartPolicy": {                 "Name": "no",                 "MaximumRetryCount": 0             },             "AutoRemove": false,             "VolumeDriver": "",             "VolumesFrom": null,             "CapAdd": null,             "CapDrop": null,             "CgroupnsMode": "host",             "Dns": [],             "DnsOptions": [],             "DnsSearch": [],             "ExtraHosts": null,             "GroupAdd": null,             "IpcMode": "private",             "Cgroup": "",             "Links": null,             "OomScoreAdj": 0,             "PidMode": "",             "Privileged": false,             "PublishAllPorts": false,             "ReadonlyRootfs": false,             "SecurityOpt": null,             "UTSMode": "",             "UsernsMode": "",             "ShmSize": 67108864,             "Runtime": "runc",             "ConsoleSize": [                 0,                 0             ],             "Isolation": "",             "CpuShares": 0,             "Memory": 0,             "NanoCpus": 0,             "CgroupParent": "",             "BlkioWeight": 0,             "BlkioWeightDevice": [],             "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,             "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,             "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,             "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,             "CpuPeriod": 0,             "CpuQuota": 0,             "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,             "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,             "CpusetCpus": "",             "CpusetMems": "",             "Devices": [],             "DeviceCgroupRules": null,             "DeviceRequests": null,             "KernelMemory": 0,             "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,             "MemoryReservation": 0,             "MemorySwap": 0,             "MemorySwappiness": null,             "OomKillDisable": false,             "PidsLimit": null,             "Ulimits": null,             "CpuCount": 0,             "CpuPercent": 0,             "IOMaximumIOps": 0,             "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,             "MaskedPaths": [                 "/proc/asound",                 "/proc/acpi",                 "/proc/kcore",                 "/proc/keys",                 "/proc/latency_stats",                 "/proc/timer_list",                 "/proc/timer_stats",                 "/proc/sched_debug",                 "/proc/scsi",                 "/sys/firmware"             ],             "ReadonlyPaths": [                 "/proc/bus",                 "/proc/fs",                 "/proc/irq",                 "/proc/sys",                 "/proc/sysrq-trigger"             ]         },         "GraphDriver": {             "Data": {                 "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c62f7f95d3948588a49111d225062a8b483566c6239ce4351ba908a2ae963d1-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c4ef60fb2e8044cf63578f0dfafc4d66e7b347ba760f3d00fa0ee0331b0611a4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7035f5b14f80555c7e07c4f91b6a95dc912ab9f5029f2176e4d72bca88e35c5b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b2d7740db7f2328a37bf230dfad270c69dfb65ab020f76ebedb06626295d00b1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/89c35bcf0557e45a501ad7ce8738b99702902b135366846679d62dda587bf275/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e4f2cafd451665ed033e75962854946b2342fbbfe1e3133cdead96929dbd065a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d90d3854be59a9b2ef3478ba69ffb77a8b5ac998dea414d4c61160548f8ce2bc/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/140ebeaaec8ee2f93ae7fdbfc98ba7197ecc356bad28bfbd776fb7845b6f0e87/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fc3fb83fe0b34daf8d696f09690b85a1296712243df75b23c06d3af7490124ba/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6ea6d62bfc9526486dbf81e49759e6e97dbe91e7693b3ada050de6c969dd3a72/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c914c35e89576c7af32e903b8e864a1b2c3ce3acf16a8c5d25b4e5843270bd3e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/46088c92010372d0b6a3092afcaf199684043e02b6a7b572b49d847c195fbe9c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/25a5fb0f54e240cadd062cc95068dde748c96296b991a07c36290af6df255066/diff",                 "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c62f7f95d3948588a49111d225062a8b483566c6239ce4351ba908a2ae963d1/merged",                 "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c62f7f95d3948588a49111d225062a8b483566c6239ce4351ba908a2ae963d1/diff",                 "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c62f7f95d3948588a49111d225062a8b483566c6239ce4351ba908a2ae963d1/work"             },             "Name": "overlay2"         },         "Mounts": [             {                 "Type": "volume",                 "Name": "a63fd7d115aca8244b31f97785f62d3742cc2570489205c30284621d0103c2c8",                 "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/a63fd7d115aca8244b31f97785f62d3742cc2570489205c30284621d0103c2c8/_data",                 "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",                 "Driver": "local",                 "Mode": "",                 "RW": true,                 "Propagation": ""             }         ],         "Config": {             "Hostname": "1feea090d373",             "Domainname": "",             "User": "",             "AttachStdin": false,             "AttachStdout": false,             "AttachStderr": false,             "ExposedPorts": {                 "3306/tcp": {},                 "33060/tcp": {}             },             "Tty": false,             "OpenStdin": false,             "StdinOnce": false,             "Env": [                 "MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true",                 "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",                 "GOSU_VERSION=1.12",                 "MYSQL_MAJOR=8.0",                 "MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.23-1debian10"             ],             "Cmd": [                 "mysqld"             ],             "Image": "mysql",             "Volumes": {                 "/var/lib/mysql": {}             },             "WorkingDir": "",             "Entrypoint": [                 "docker-entrypoint.sh"             ],             "OnBuild": null,             "Labels": {}         },         "NetworkSettings": {             "Bridge": "",             "SandboxID": "93ec920d64811694699ab3b83c5db3f2fab94b43266e1f3964a0060904c6fb73",             "HairpinMode": false,             "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",             "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,             "Ports": {                 "3306/tcp": [                     {                         "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",                         "HostPort": "53306"                     }                 ],                 "33060/tcp": null             },             "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/93ec920d6481",             "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,             "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,             "EndpointID": "7f3ac9ec4ede57ae69b0fe1b6f51de4fc61f970cacc1c83056a96de9aa8a772f",             "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",             "GlobalIPv6Address": "",             "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,             "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",             "IPPrefixLen": 16,             "IPv6Gateway": "",             "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",             "Networks": {                 "bridge": {                     "IPAMConfig": null,                     "Links": null,                     "Aliases": null,                     "NetworkID": "8b89b0f653b69cc0359b7c7e2a3ff1d4f14918d670818c410595a6a853a48503",                     "EndpointID": "7f3ac9ec4ede57ae69b0fe1b6f51de4fc61f970cacc1c83056a96de9aa8a772f",                     "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",                     "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",                     "IPPrefixLen": 16,                     "IPv6Gateway": "",                     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",                     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,                     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",                     "DriverOpts": null                 }             }         }     } ]

---

 

 

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[컨테이너 조회]

 

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                NAMES 1feea090d373   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:53306->3306/tcp   mymysql

 

중지된 컨테이너까지 모두 조회하려면 -a(--all) 옵션

$ sudo docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES 1feea090d373   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   12 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 seconds ago             mymysql

중지된 컨테이너는 STATUS에 Exited라고 표시됨

 

 

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[컨테이너 중지]

 

$ sudo docker stop 컨테이너명이나ID

 

 

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[컨테이너 시작]

 

$ sudo docker start 컨테이너명이나ID

 

 

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[컨테이너 재시작]

 

$ sudo docker restart 컨테이너명이나ID

 

 

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[컨테이너 삭제]

 

$ sudo docker rm 컨테이너명이나ID [컨테이너명이나ID...]

 

 

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[실행 중인 컨테이너에 접속]

 

$ sudo docker attach 컨테이너명이나ID

실행 중인 컨테이너에 접속하는 것.

즉, ps에서 실행 중인 COMMAND에 그대로 붙는 것.

새로운 프로세스(쉘 등)를 붙여서 실행하고 싶다면, attach가 아닌 exec를 해야한다.

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$ sudo docker run -d -it --name myubuntu ubuntu /bin/bash

4d019c6739448b035e7dffd4d227dd0c9f11d2a5809fc3d6d4313918342516cc

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS          PORTS     NAMES 4d019c673944   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 3 seconds             myubuntu

$ sudo docker attach myubuntu

root@4d019c673944:/# ps -ef UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD root          1      0  0 07:27 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash root          9      1  0 07:28 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef root@4d019c673944:/# exit exit

 

 

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[실행 중인 컨테이너에 새 프로세스로 접속]

 

$ sudo docker exec [옵션...] 컨테이너명이나ID 명령어 [명령어의매개변수...]

run과 형태가 같음

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$ sudo docker run -d -it --name myubuntu ubuntu /bin/bash

1a213b84827f921d1c28e9fc6ab1f9c3225c2b9df8c704d5e6ccb946361a1337

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES 1a213b84827f   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds             myubuntu

$ sudo docker exec -it myubuntu /bin/bash

root@1a213b84827f:/# ps -ef UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD root          1      0  0 07:27 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash root          9      0  0 07:28 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash root         17      9  0 07:28 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef root@1a213b84827f:/# exit exit

컨테이너 run의 /bin/bash의 PID는 1이고,

새롭게 exec한 /bin/bash의 PID는 9인 예시.

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$ sudo docker exec -it mymysql /bin/bash

root@4a656fc2237d:/# ps -ef bash: ps: command not found root@4a656fc2237d:/# /usr/bin/mysql... mysql                      mysql_ssl_rsa_setup        mysqladmin                 mysqld_multi               mysqldumpslow              mysqlshow mysql_config_editor        mysql_tzinfo_to_sql        mysqlbinlog                mysqld_safe                mysqlimport                mysqlslap mysql_secure_installation  mysql_upgrade              mysqlcheck                 mysqldump                  mysqlpump root@4a656fc2237d:/# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL   Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.   mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)   mysql> exit Bye root@4a656fc2237d:/# exit exit

mymysql 컨테이너에 /bin/bash로 새로운 쉘로 접근하여, 이 쉘에서 mysql을 실행

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$ sudo docker exec -it mymysql mysql -uroot

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL   Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.   mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql> exit Bye

mymysql 컨테이너에서 바로 mysql(컨테이너의 /usr/bin/mysql)을 새로운 프로세스로 실행

 

 

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[컨테이너 로그 보기]

 

$ sudo docker logs [옵션] 컨테이너명이나ID

ㆍ옵션없이: 모든 로그 전체를 출력

ㆍ-f(--follow): 로그를 실시간으로 출력(^C로 빠져나옴)

ㆍ-n(--tail) 줄수: 줄수 만큼의 최근 로그를 출력

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$ sudo docker logs -n 10 mymysql

2021-04-07 02:49:40+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.   2021-04-07T02:49:40.382044Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.23) starting as process 1 2021-04-07T02:49:40.391804Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2021-04-07T02:49:40.806032Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2021-04-07T02:49:40.936441Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock 2021-04-07T02:49:41.114434Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2021-04-07T02:49:41.114570Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel. 2021-04-07T02:49:41.116108Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory. 2021-04-07T02:49:41.131399Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.23'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.